Many people confuse the types of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, with osteoporosis. Although osteoporosis and osteoarthritis have very little in common – actually they are two very different medical conditions — because the name sounds so similar, it’s easy to get them mixed up.
Here is a summary of each condition as well as some similarities and differences among the three.
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones lose density and so are more likely to fracture. This is a major health threat for an estimated 44 million Americans, 68% of whom are women. In osteoporosis bone tissue is lost which can result in a loss of height, change in posture, bone fractures, and severe back pain. It can become severe enough so that a person’s ability to walk is impaired. In some cases it can also lead to prolong or even permanent disability.
Risk factors for developing osteoporosis:
• Family history
• Thinness or small frame
• Prolonged use of certain medications, such as those used in treating lupus, thyroid deficiencies, seizures, or asthma,
• Inactivity
• Being postmenopausal and particularly having had early menopause
• Excessive alcohol use
• Smoking
Osteoporosis is often referred to as a silent disease because it can remain undetected for many years without symptoms until there is a bone fracture. In order to diagnose osteoporosis, the patient needs to have a bone mineral density test, a totally safe and painless way to detect low bone density.
There is no cure for the disease but a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, a healthy lifestyle, and regular weight bearing exercises can prevent or lessen the effects.
Arthritis
When we speak of arthritis, we are speaking in general terms for conditions that affect the joints and surrounding tissues. Joints are places in the body were bones come together, such as the knees, wrists, fingers, toes, and hips. The two most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful, degenerative joint disease that often involves the hips, knees, neck, lower back, or small joints of the hands. Osteoarthritis usually develops in joints that are injured by repeated overuse, playing a sport, or carrying around excess body weight. Over time, this injury or repeated intact wears away the cartilage that cushions the ends of the bone and joint. When this happens, the bones wear together, causing a grating sensation. Join flexibility diminishes, the bone spurs develop, and the joint swells.
Usually the first symptom of OA is pain that worsens following exercise or immobility. Treatment usually includes analgesics, topical creams, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In addition, appropriate exercises or physical therapy, joint splinting, or joint replacement surgery for seriously damage larger joints such as the knee or hip may be necessary.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease. RA usually affects various joints in the fingers, thumbs, wrists, elbows, shoulders, knees, feet, and ankles. An autoimmune disease is one in which the body releases enzymes that attack its own healthy tissues. In RA, these enzymes destroy the lining of the joints. This leads to pain, swelling, stiffness, malformation, and reduced movement and function. People with RA also may have symptoms such as fatigue, fever, weight loss, eye inflammation, anemia, bumps under the skin, or pleurisy.
Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are completely different conditions — they develop differently, have different symptoms, are diagnosed differently and are treated differently as well. Research has shown that people with OA or less likely than average to develop osteoporosis. However, people with RA may be more likely to develop osteoporosis. This is especially true when you consider that some medications used to treat RA can actually contribute to osteoporosis.
Commonalities between osteoporosis and arthritis
These two conditions do share some of the same coping strategies. With both conditions, exercise programs go a long way to ease the symptoms. These exercises should emphasize stretching, strengthening, posture, and range of motion. For example, low impact aerobics, low stress yoga, and swimming are appropriate for both conditions.
Managing the pain
In most cases people arthritis will have to use some type of pain management at some time. This isn’t necessarily true for people suffering from osteoporosis. Usually people with osteoporosis only need pain relief when they are recovering from a fractured.
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